Robin Hood Case Study Discussion Essays

Robin Hood Case Study Discussion Essays Robin Hood Case Study Discussion Paper Robin Hood Case Study Discussion Paper 1. Portray how Robin Hood built up his underlying system for rivaling the sheriff of Nottingham and examine how he actualized it. Scrutinize this methodology. The first issue meaning of high tax collection that confronted the individuals gave route for another market which was raged by Robin Hood. Apparently an unlawful demonstration, his crucial to â€Å"steal from the rich, and provide for the poor†. As he entered the market, he was confronted with contention of the ruler and the sheriff. Robin Hood and his band of Merry men took from the rich and provided for poor people which is in fact is totally inverse to the activities of his adversaries. As Robin Hood entered the current specialty showcase he picked up fame and backing among the regular people as he was providing a remarkable decent/administration. He offers a free assistance to the poor after his working costs are represented. Likewise, the individuals had an inclination for his item and strategies were not effectively coordinated or duplicated by the opposition. By acquiring this help, this methodology was for his potential benefit against Prince John and the sheriff. The assessment of various regular society would have convinced Prince John to change the law of out of line tax collection. Robin immediately understood that there was little he could do himself; which prompted improvement of the association by invigorating HR. He looked for close partners who might follow his vision of retaliation for the sheriff and the ruler. These men would go about as immediate subordinates, anyway as time progress, induction was permitted with less investigation whereby the main deciding component was steadfastness. He accepted quality lay in numbers. Robin actualized his methodology of ‘strength in numbers’ by looking for discipline from his band of men which guaranteed solidarity in the association. This was accomplished through a particular office inside the hierarchical progressive system. Accordingly they turned out to be all the more remarkable in their fight against the sheriff. This constrained the Merry Men to live outside the law which was likewise wanted to increase adequate order in the gathering. This association was genuinely straightforward. Investigate By gaining an enormous degree of subordinates, Robin got a work power that isn't really prepared as he permitted any to join who posed scarcely any inquiries. In doing as such, additional worker hours would need to be spent in preparing. Additionally if prescreening of the new participants existed, utilizing the contestants with existing abilities can give path for a progressively proficient association. I. e. ranchers would have been utilized not for war yet for food. As the biggest inward situation confronted the band was an expanded gathering size foundation, supplies and other physical assets would rapidly lessen. Consequently cutting expense ought to be need, subsequently tradeoffs can be made by utilizing talented specialists for characterized work. E. g. famers and trackers With the perfect of inappropriate meeting, his association could be effortlessly invaded by his rivals in this way diminishing their arrangement and procedures. 2. Recognize authoritative attributes and condition qualities that would lead you to think robin hood is insightful to considering an adjustment in procedure as he enters his crusade second year? Robin’s association could be viewed as one of a pecking order, he is the most elevated individual in the association which can place him in jobs, for example, C. E. O. or then again administrator. His duty is to assign explicit errand to his lieutenants, each has their own capacities which adds to the accomplishment of the joyful men as a unit. For instance Will Scarlett was doled out the significant undertaking of shadowing the sheriff and informing the cheerful men of the sheriff next move. Figure 1: Robins Organizational Hierarchy The inspiration of the band was imperative to keeping them keen on the motivation behind the grudge. Inspiration hypothesis tries to clarify a wide range of persuaded conduct in various circumstances, remembering conduct for the associations. Since most of conduct is sense inspired, people are enormously impacted by their condition. Maslow’s hypothesis of human inspiration, all individuals have a need or want for sense of pride, confidence, and regard from others. This legitimately applies to the Merry Men, for they looked for regard and were glad for their well known maxim â€Å"Rob from the rich and provide for the poor†. The resourced based model was significant in the achievement of the gathering; five elements were taken a gander at which the band showed assets, capacity, upper hand, alluring industry, technique detailing and execution. The asset of the gathering originated from the traders that movement through the backwoods, at first the asset was consistently accessible however t was rapidly getting inadequate as shippers was picking an alternate course. The men were appropriately prepared to design their theft and dexterous in their arrow based weaponry, be that as it may, the inundations of newcomers were starting to strain the stores of the gathering as preparing and food was exorbitant. Robin and the happy men had the help from their clients which were the workers and ranchers however now as pay was low and the support cost was high they would need to burden the very individuals which they helped implying that the laborers and ranchers could turn on them and add to their difficulties. Understanding the asset base of the gathering I could perceive any reason why an adjustment in procedure was astute. Figure 2: Resourced Based Model Robin and his association were in emergency because of absence of a legitimate corporate procedure. The joyful men were developing, with enormous number of newcomers however the natural structure isn't firm. Correspondence and order is being separated, table 3 underneath gives a few choices robin could utilize and their SWOT investigation. | Opportunities | Threats | Strengths| SO Strategies: Kill the Sheriff * Wipe him out, no more issues * Has the men to do it When the sheriff is gone, disband. ST Strategies: Join the aristocrats * Has the battling power * Get access to capital markets * Maybe closes the contention quicker| Weakness | WO Strategies: Limit size of band * Turn the battling band into a gathering of elites * Maintains discipline * Solves food issues * Basically, shorten growth| WT Strategies: Disband * Give up the reason, come back to ordinary life * Robin escapes to another nation to escape punishment| Figure 3: SWOT Matrix Problems Robin and his association confronted: * Lack of order Maintenance cost * Shelter/space deficiency * Food lack * preparing * security and cautiousness (whoever needed to join was taken in and there could be double crossers and spies) These issues should be address if the band is to get any opportunity against the sheriff and ruler John. 3. Accept that Robin Hood has requested that you assist him with conceiving another procedure. Recognize a lot of elements for him to consider in reconsidering procedure. It was clear from the story that Robin Hood expected to change his methodology inferable from both inward and outside components. An uncontrolled workforce alongside unsatisfactory provider area prompted the edge of financial reasonability. Changing the general objective of his association to fixed travel tax assessment would diminish his upper hand over the Sheriff. Accordingly the expense of civilities which Mr. Hood gave to the regular people would increment. On the off chance that he picks this way he would lose his reliable supporters which kept him in charge of the cornered market. The ranchers and townspeople would then support Prince John’s administration and depend on his pity for wares. In case of this circumstance Robin Hood’s primary enemy, The Sheriff would get more grounded considering his political association with the sovereign. In spite of the fact that his work power was continually developing, its profitability was modest. He asserted that he was inexperienced with a huge populace of his association. It would be in Robin’s wellbeing to rebuild his work power. He would increase a bit of leeway by decentralizing the group into a few self supporting units; every unit comprising of group director, lieutenants and random subordinates. Much the same as a diversified association, each group unit would be working under the Robin Hood brand name, have a similar objective as Robin, and work inside the restrictions of Robin. This structure would be less requesting to co-ordinate and permit him to devise exchange procedures. Since Robin likewise had an issue with a complete Sherwood Forest area, this structure would likewise help his camouflage from his providers, the rich dealer explorers and the Sheriff. It is an unwise decision for Robin to occupy from his center competency and significant expertise of banditry. The adjustment in calling may prompt an absence of energy which would reflect ineffectively through the eyes of his supporters and his image name. References: Analyzing Strategic Management Cases Date Accessed: 02nd February 2011 The Business Operations of Robin Hood and the Merry men Author: Sumeet Malhotra Date refreshed: 2010 Date Accessed: 05th February 2011 ROBIN HOOD a Case Study Writer: Misti Walkerâ Date refreshed: 05th September 2009 Date Accessed: 05th February 2011 Case Study 24 Robin Hood Book Winning In The Market Place Second Editionâ Date update: 2011 Date Accessed: 07th February 2011 Robin Hood Case Analysis Author: Aaron labin, Curt Matthews, Rich Miller scribd. com/doc/37469551/Robin-Hood-Final Date refreshed: fourteenth April 2009 Date Accessed: 07th February 2011

Catcher In The Rye The Language Of Cather In The Rye Essay Example For Students

Catcher In The Rye The Language Of Cather In The Rye Essay Catcher in the Rye The Language of Cather in the RyeThe section of youth has filled in as the focal topic for some books, yet J. D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, long a staple in scholarly exercise plans, has encapsulated this phase of life in easily affected structure, performing Holden Caulfields obscene language and exaggerated responses. Composed as the self-portraying record of an anecdotal high school private academy understudy Holden Caulfield, The Catcher in the Rye manages material that is socially shameful for the occasions (Gwynn, 1958). As an enthusiastic, keen, curious, and agonizingly delicate youngster, Holden scrutinizes his internal world through the socially acceptable sexual behaviors of his friends and older folks, the lessons of his training, and his own developing feeling of self. Consistently, the language of the story has frightened a few perusers. Salingers control of Holdens simple, conversational way causes the acquaintance of these bigger subjects with seem common and convincing. (Sprout, 1990).At the hour of the novel through today, Holdens discourse sounds valid to the casual discourse of youngsters. Holden, as per numerous surveys in the Chicago Tribune, the New Yorker, and the New York Times, precisely catches the casual discourse of a normal astute, taught, northeastern American juvenile (Costello, 1990).Such discourse incorporates both basic portrayal and reviling. For instance, Holden says, Theyre overall quite all, just as Im not going to disclose to you my entire goddam life account or anything. In the principal case, he utilizes the term decent which distorts his folks character, inferring he doesn't wish to affront them, yet simultaneously he doesn't laud them. Best case scenario he esteems them as overall quite all. Holden further stops his portrayal, yet in an increasingly abrupt way, when he states he won't tell his entire goddam self-portrayal or anything. From the beginning the peruser gets Holdens threatening vibe and reluctance to share his perspectives carefully by his utilization of language (Salzman, 1991).From the last two models, another expression can be seen. Holden has a propensity for consummation his depictions with label expressions, for example, and all or anything. (Salzman, 1991). In addition to the fact that Holden speaks like this in the start of the novel, yet all through the book, making this example a piece of his character. One could envision Holden oftentimes finishing his sentences with and all, acknowledging it is a character attribute since not all youngsters utilized that express. So the and all tag to Holdens discourse served to deliver his discourse bona fide and person. (Salzman, 1991). Salinger purposefully utilized such discourse examples to help individualize Holden, yet to likewise make him a reasonable young person of the mid 1950s.Another case of how Holdens discourse characterized his character is the means by which he continually needed to affirm any assertion he made, as though even he didn't exactly trust himself. Such reconfirmations incorporate expressions, for example, on the off chance that you need to know reality, or . ..it truly does. Holden says the primary expression a few times. I have no wind, in the event that you need to know reality, Im conservative, on the off chance that you need to know reality, and a variety: She had a great deal of sex offer, as well, in the event that you truly need to know.In each of the above instances,Holden says something at that point feels constrained to explain that is he isn't making it up yet is, indeed, coming clean. These quirks may highlight a few parts of his character.For model, Holden is very nearly bombing out of private academy and fears telling his folks. .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc , .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc .postImageUrl , .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc , .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc:hover , .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc:visited , .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc:active { border:0!important; } .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc:active , .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ud40d59034 a8915e71111943653250bfc .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ud40d59034a8915e71111943653250bfc:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Drug Addiction In The Work Place Essay Because he didn't do well in school, Holden may have felt as if nobody at any point paid attention to him and understood his activities left him with no strong scholarly standing. Since Holden is basically a disappointment at school with no genuine companionships, he endeavors to harden some correspondence in requesting endorsement by expressing in the event that you need to realize the truth.Holden needs individuals to trust him so he speeks to look for endorsement (Costello, 1990). Once more, Salinger makes this discourse design as credible for a typical youngster, yet it additionally appears to have a place exclusively with Holden. The Catcher in the Rye increased quite a bit of its reputation for the language utilized in it, especially the unrefined words (Gwynn, 1958). Like most everyday employments of body parts, mishaps of birth, or strict implications, Holden doesn't carefully utilize words regarding their unique importance. The word damnation is a staple of Holdens jargon, and he utilizes it regularly with both positive and negative undertones. In one example, he discloses to us he made some helluva memories, when he and Phoebe sneaked away and made some great memories looking for shoes downtown. Different explanations incorporate beautiful as heck, lively as heck, or hot as hell.Holdens recognition that circumstances were definitely not typical in some connection to the limits of the utilization of damnation is applied to both positive and negative circumstances. In each utilization of the word, Holden utilizes damnation as an approach to communicates the disarray of youthfulness and his own normal utilization of it shows his own outrageous affectability as a character (Gwynn, 1958).As Holdens encounters change, so does his utilization of unrefined language. At the point when he is up to speed in his own jokes and is maddened, sonuvabitch and jerk every now and again discover their way into his jargon. Be that as it may, when he tends to the peruser as a storyteller, Holden once in a while, if at any point, slips into his ongoing utilization of swearing (Costello, 1990). Sonuvabitch is saved for his extraordinary indignation, as when he continued calling Stradlater an imbecile sonuvabitch for the young men apparently hostile treatment of Jane Gallagher. Once more, Holdens irregular utilization of sonuvabitch in his angriest minutes makes the peruser aware of the genuine nature of his annoyance. Salinger deliberately created such discourse examples to assist us with recognizing Holdens character without long portrayals of such.Here, the culpable words tells the peruser when Holden is generally furious and the sorts of circumstances that make him along these lines, in this way offering further knowledge into his character, frequently using a solitary word.Holdens ordinary utilization of revile words to depict his perspective on some random circumstance leaves the impression his jargon is constrained, as saw in one a lot more youthful than himself. Notwithstanding, Holden perceives that he has a restricted jargon and uncomprehendingly recognizes it himself (Salzman, 1991). He utilizes reviling with an end goal to add accentuation to his in any case oversimplified verbiage. For instance, Holden says That person Morrow was about as delicate as a goddam can situate (Salinger, 1951). The best reference Holden could consider was latrine seat, a straightforward thing promptly got a handle on by even small kids. To give this metaphor more accentuation, Holden, of course, hurls in a revile word. Holden makes another latrine like reference when he says He began dealing with my paper like it was a butt nugget or something, (Salinger, 1951) when alluding to his instructors articulations and non-verbal communication while getting some composed work Holden had done. Butt nugget is a word an as of late potty-prepared kid may use rather than a private academy teenager. So Holden confesses to having a constrained jargon, however he has a jargon apparently restricted to one much more youthful than his age.Holdens customary utilization of reviling demonstates the profundity of his feeling, yet flags the peruser to the way that he is trapped in the phase where adolescence and moving toward development impact. .u46e584a7817a2a148fb897ae35536019 , .u46e584a7817a2a148fb897ae35536019 .postImageUrl , .u46e584a7817a2a148fb897ae35536019 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; positio

Top 10 Tips for 2012 Application #2 Recommendation Letters COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Tips for 2012 Application â€" #2 Recommendation Letters COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is the second entry in our “Top 10? list to assist you with understanding the process of submitting your 2012 admission application to SIPA. This entry is focused on many of the questions we receive regarding the submission of letters of recommendation. Question: Can I submit more than three letters? Answer: No, we will only accept three letters of recommendation. We wish to be fair to all applicants and thus hold everyone to the same standard. Question: What is the ideal combination of recommendation letters? Answer: There is no real ideal combination, it really depends on the applicant; however let me elaborate a bit on the subject. Recommendation letters should come from one of two sources: academic or professional. In other words, from individuals who have supervised you in the classroom or in the work place. “Work place” is a broad term. The work place could include internships, volunteer work, or paid full-time work. Sometimes unpaid work is much more in alignment with an applicant’s goals and if you are choosing to do something and not get paid for it this shows a great deal of dedication and commitment. Since SIPA is a professional school it makes sense that we would like to see at least one professional letter of recommendation. The only combination we really do not recommend is three academic letters of recommendation. An applicant that submits three academic letters is basically telling us that there is no one from the professional world that can comment on their ability and qualifications for graduate school. Beyond this advice, any combination will do. If you have been out of school for several years do not feel compelled to go back and get a letter of recommendation from a professor who did not really know you or that you have not been in contact with. We would much rather receive letters from those that know you and that you have been in contact with in some capacity. If you had fabulous relationships with a few professors two letters of recommendation from professors is fine. Question: Do you have general advice concerning the content of the letters? Answer: Yes! The best letters of recommendation go beyond addressing your character and include specific information on your potential to succeed in our program. This is best accomplished through specific examples of academic or professional competence. When you talk with those writing letters for you, please tell them to include specific examples of your competence. It is one thing to say that someone is smart and capable; it is another to provide solid examples of intelligence and ability in the workplace or in the classroom. Be sure that you speak with those writing letters on your behalf and clarify this point. If you put yourself in my shoes, my job as the Director of Admission is to quantify your ability to do well in our program. A letter that contains examples of work performed will better allow me to identify your ability and potential. The Admissions Committee has to make tough calls (admission is a competition after all) and sometimes it can come down to the quality of the content contained in the recommendation letters. Question: How can those submitting the letters submit them? Answer: When you start your online application you will be asked to enter the names and emails addresses of the three individuals you have chosen to submit letters on your behalf. When you submit this information our system automatically sends the person an email with specific details on how to submit their letter.   See this entry for information on where to access the letter of recommendation section of the application. Our preference is that those submitting letters do so through our application site. In the email that is sent when you enter the name of your recommender(s), there are specific instructions for the recommender(s) to follow. They will visit a web site and upload a copy of the letter. This is the fastest and most convenient way. We are not into ceremony pretty letterhead and a wet signature are of no consequence in our decision making. When a letter is uploaded, it will be matched to your application and you will be able to see that it has been submitted. Thus this method is also nice for you, because if your recommender submits the letter via the web site, you will know in real time (if you log into your application) if it has been received. Yes, recommenders can mail letters to us, but this slows the process down. If a letter is delivered to our office we generally do not seek to match it to a file until after the deadline (January 5th) passes. Thus there will be a little bit of tension on your part. You will think, Have all of my letters arrived? Unfortunately we cannot dedicate the time to tracking letters prior to the submission of an admission application. If a letter is mailed, it can be sent to the following address: Office of Admissions and Financial Aid Columbia University SIPA 420 West 118th Street 4th Floor Room 408 New York, NY 10027 As far as to whom to address the letter to, it does not really matter. Popular choices include The Admissions Committee, To Whom it May Concern, or the Director of Admissions. Question: Should I wait to submit my application until all of the letters of recommendation have been received? Answer: No. Applicants should not be concerned if an application is submitted before a letter or letters of recommendation have been received. What ultimately matters is that both your application and the letters are submitted by the deadline of January 5th at midnight EST. So, do not worry if letters of recommendation have yet to be submitted when submitting your application, you may submit your application prior to letters of recommendation being received. Question: What if a person wishes to write a letter in a language other than English? Is this okay? Answer: Yes, it is okay if a person writes a letter in a language other than English, however that letter will need to be translated into English, and not by you. Letters of recommendation are confidential and you cannot translate your own letter. If someone wishes to write a letter in another language, ask that they have the letter translated by either an employee they work with or a certified translator. The person who translates the letter should include their name and email address so we can get in touch with him/her if necessary. ____________________ A final note is to encourage those submitting letters on your behalf to do so as early as possible. An application that does not have all documents submitted by the deadline does not look professional. We understand that the submission of letters of recommendation is beyond the control of applicants and we are willing to work with applicants when unusual circumstances lead to the late submission of letters, however we do take note when documents come in after the stated deadline.

Special Education - 1164 Words

From the first day a child is born, parents are there to nurture their child, to support them as they grow and develop. There is a lot to learn about raising a child under normal circumstances, but when a child has special needs parents must learn this whole new language of medical and special education terms (Overton, 2005). Parents enter this new world where navigating for the best interest of their child is riddled with challenges and obstacles that they need to somehow overcome. This is especially true when parents are dealing with the special education program in their child’s school. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires parental involvement in the education of children with disabilities (Smith, Hilton,†¦show more content†¦What are these special needs, which qualify a student to be considered for special education? Firstly, students with challenges in learning have to be considered. 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A Summary And Critique Of This Article - 1450 Words

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Analyzing Diversity in the Workplace Free Essays

This paper is about designing a model to analyze the dimensions of diversity and implement a training program to implement the results. It is important to break the personality down into three dimensions. Doing this will increase productivity of a company because the employees will work easily together and have less tension. We will write a custom essay sample on Analyzing Diversity in the Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Happy employees increase productivity. The cultural make up of an organization can make or break an organization if it is not understood by its managers and leaders. It is extremely important for a supervisor to analyze the diversity of its organizational members and see how the cultural differences effects the organization. It is important for the leaders of an organization to design a model to analyze the diversity of their the organization so they can develop a cultural diversity training program. In order to understand diversity in culture, you first must break down the culture and person you are trying to understand. We would need to design a model that would break down the dimensions of diversity. It is important to understand the personality of the person. The personality can be broken down into three layers of dimensions; Internal Dimensions, External Dimensions, and Organization Dimensions (knicki) It is important to understand each dimension because if you understand the personality of a person, you will begin to understand how they combine to make a culture. Internal dimensions consist of six different categories which are age, gender, sexual orientation, physical ability, ethnicity, and race. (Knicki) These are things that we cannot control. External dimensions include geographic location, income, personal habits, marital status, parental status, personal status, recreational habits, religions, educational background, work experience and appearance. These, for the most part, are things that we can control. (knicki) Organizational dimensions include functional/classification, work content/field, management status, division department/unit/group, seniority, work location, and union affiliation. These are also mostly our control. (knicki) The above dimensions of personality need to be researched for each employee of an organization. This can come in the form of a survey or questionnaire to each employee. This can also come in the form of a one on one interview asking questions to the employee. The information learned from each the dimensions for each person need to be banked in a data base where the results can be compiled and looked at. (Irwin) After finding out just who is in the organization and finding out their cultural background, the leaders would be able to design a training program for the employees. The program would teach employees about one anothers cultures, and show them how to appreciate each others differences. They would also need sensitivity training. (Loden) Once the organization has undergone a training program dealing with cultural diversity, productivity will increase. When an employee is happy at their job, they tend to work harder and increase their productivity at work. Increasing productivity at the workplace will increase sales which will increase profits. (Jogulu) In conclusion, it is very important to design a model to break down the cultural barriers between employees in a organization. If there are no barriers between people, communication will increase and people will be happier. This will make an organization run more smoothly and there won’t be many problems. How to cite Analyzing Diversity in the Workplace, Essay examples

Public Spending free essay sample

In this question I will explain the effect of cuts in public expenditure by the government on the performance of the UK economy. Firstly if the government reduced its spending on public expenditure it will affect the economy in the short run as government spending is a component of aggregate demand (AD) this is shown by the diagram below [Diagram showing AD going down] As you can see AD has reduced due to the lack of government spending This could cause unemployment to increase as with lack of demand in the economy firms require fewer workers, this would be an increase in cyclical unemployment. As unemployment has increased this mean consumers will have less disposable income and therefore will spend less on credit and save more thus causing AD to go down. This situation could cause a downward multiplier effect which could have an even more negative effect on the economy as lack of demand could cause investment to go down in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Spending or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This would have a very negative long term effect as lack of investment now could cause the productive capacity of the economy to decrease [diagram showing AS going down] As you can see from the above diagram lack of investment has caused AS to decrease in the long run This could worsen the UK’s trade balance as goods become less price competitive as P1 goes to P2 Inflation has also increased in the long term as the economy can no longer produce enough to keep up with demand However a reduction in government expenditure may not have such a catastrophic effect as government spending is not the only component of AD and ‘reductions in public spending could also create opportunities for the private sector’ Also if the government cuts public expenditure it is likely o intervene using monetary policy (reducing interest rates) or fiscal policy (reducing income tax) to make sure demand is going In conclusion it is important for government to cut its expenditure due to its growing budget deficit, but the short and long term are likely to be negative, however the size of the effect depends on the government reaction and the use of demand sid e and supply side policies to counteract the reduction in their spending

Corruption and Bribery in the Oil Sector in Nigeria and Angola

DESTINATION APPEAL; Essays - Geography Of California, California

DESTINATION APPEAL; Essays - Geography Of California, California DESTINATION APPEAL; Town, City, Country left204338 29688123536 Town: a thickly populated area, usually smaller than a city and larger than a village, having fixed boundaries and certain local powers of government. Sonoma, North California, USA - Wine Destination - tagline Its geographic and aesthetic appeal are as follows: Its rolling hills, which rise into the Sonoma Mountains and descend to the Pacific shore, also contain a cache of small cities that are worth a visit F or an urban escape, complete with museums and buzzy restaurants Laid-back introduction to stellar vintages and gorgeous properties Its provides a number of activities : Sonoma Plaza, a National Historic Monument - plaza's atmosphere is both charming and family-friendly, and they suggested visiting on a Tuesday morning to take advantage of the weekly farmers market. Jacuzzi Family Vineyards Safari West Cline Cellars Catering : T he region is known for its wines, especially its zinfandels at places like Ravenswood. But the region is also known for its dozens of breweries, such as Republic Brewing Co. Sunflower Cafe Espresso and Wine Picazo Cafe and Deli (for Pizza and Burger) V i si tors should also sample the locally made cheeses, olive oils and honeys Hotel Accommodation : Farmhouse Inn - 4 stars Mac Arthur Place - 4 stars Fairmont Sonoma Mission Inn Spa - 4 stars City : A metropolitan area, sometimes referred to as a metro area . In defining a metropolitan area, it is sufficient that a city or cities form a nucleus that other areas have a high degree of integration with.

Abraham Lincoln, Slavery, and the Civil War Essay

Abraham Lincoln, Slavery, and the Civil War - Essay Example Going by Lincoln’s second inaugural address which took place on March 4th, 1865, one can cogently defend the standpoint that as the 16th President of the US, he was interested in reconstructing the Union. In the first place, it can be considered that although he wanted reconstruction, yet he preferred a pragmatic approach. This is seen in the manner in which Lincoln tried to eschew sentiments that would be indicative of punitive measures against the South, even after its defeat. In a way that betrays ingenuity, Lincoln sought to cast both sides as subject to imperfection, in a clever way of toning down the anger against the South. For instance, Lincoln states that â€Å"†¦ Both sides dreaded the war and sought to avert it (Johnson 64)† Lincoln also said that â€Å"Neither of the parties expected the war, its magnitude, its duration which had already been attained (Ibid 64).† Lincoln also goes further to state that both sides â€Å"†¦ Read the same Bible and invoked the same God (Ibid 65).† Nevertheless, all the above are more of vestiges of a pragmatic approach to constructivism than a show of appeasement of desperation for unification. The prospects of Lincoln’s constructivism are also underscored by the very speech that others would merely pass as unifying. The constructivist aspect of the speech is also underlined by the pieces that are found within the same speech. In a particular instance, he lambasts the prospects of slavery which was very popular and full fledged in the South. In an instance, he quoted Jesus Christ in the Gospel according to St. Matthew, XVIII: VII to state that although offenses were inevitable, yet the person who acts as the perpetrator or harbinger of the same, would be in trouble or deep danger (Johnson 65). In the same wavelength, Lincoln said that if God was willing that the war continues, so that all the wealth that slave owners had amassed be destroyed and all the blood that had been drawn by the taskmaster’s whip be aveng ed, the same would still prove the justice of God’s judgments (Johnson 65). To show for the seriousness of the matter, Loewen (37) explains that there are certain measures that Lincoln followed through to show that he was interested in the reconstruction of the American nation. The first and the most prominent was the role he played in the adopting of the Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution on July 9th, 1868. As a matter of fact, Amendment XIV is one of the most popular Reconstruction Amendments. Among many things, Amendment XIV reconstructed the definition of citizenship to include blacks. This totally overruled the 1857 ruling of the Supreme Court, which in the case, Dred Scott v. Sandford had ostracized the black race from the American citizenship. This amendment had within it, the clause that mandated every state of the US to accord every of its citizen with equal protection and rights, without any discrimination (Arnesen 20). According to Loewen (38), even crusad ers against gender discrimination found much help in Amendment XIV since it set the stage for the 1954 Brown v. Board and the Reed v. Reed which totally proscribed all manner of discriminations. The prospects of the Fourteenth Amendment is being seen as a tool that was used for restructuring or reconstruction is also illustrated by its spelling of the conditions under which citizenship could be extended to an individual or revoked. This proved to be a double-edged sword since it excluded many prominent members of the Confederacy from the government. This is a shift away from unification attempts. In the same vein, Lincoln’s speech and behavior relevant to the speech cannot leave an

Cystic Fibrosis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cystic Fibrosis - Research Paper Example nifestation of the disease in the form of pancreatic malabsorption considered to be due to pancreatic abnormalities with evidence from histological changes at autopsy was reported (Parmalee, 1418-1428; Hess and Sapphire, 1-13). Another important clinical feature included severe respiratory problems in affected children. Other significant report of pancreatic changes with features compatible to that of cystic fibrosis came from Margaret Harper of Sydney who reported congenital steatorrhea due to pancreatic defect (Harper, 45-56). However the recognition for describing cystic fibrosis as a separate clinical entity goes to Dr Dorothy Andersen who described neonatal intestinal obstruction, respiratory complications and characteristic pancreatic histology in her 1938 report (Andersen, 344-399). She called it the ‘fibrocystic disease of the pancreases. In the forties it was recognized as a generalized disorder affecting organs other than the pancreas and Dr Sydney Farber who coined t he term ‘mucoviscidosis’ for the condition accurately summarized the secondary consequences of Cystic fibrosis to cause clogging of respiratory tract by thick mucus, secondary Staphylococcal infection and failure of proper lubrication of ciliated epithelium (Farber, 827-833). The first suggestion of cystic fibrosis being an inherited disorder came from Philip Howard who reviewed familial occurrence of the fibrocystic disease of the pancreas (Howard, 330-332). However the first clear report that identified cystic fibrosis to be inherited as a recessive Mendelian trait came from Andersen and Hodges in 1946. They investigated 56 families from literature and 47 of their own families to come to the conclusion that the incidence of the disorder follows the Mendelian recessive inheritance which approximated the incidence in siblings as 25% as expected of a Mendelian recessive condition which required more than one factor for expression (Andersen and Hodges, 62-80). Various research groups

Importance Of Human Resources In The Hospitaliy Industry Tourism Essay

Importance Of Human Resources In The Hospitaliy Industry Tourism Essay In order to gain competitive power for the hotel, human resource management is an elementary issue. Human resource management can be regarded as the foundation for the hotel to acquire competitive advantage. Honoring the employees through effective communication, training programs for the employees and benefit programs is what effective hospitality management is all about. Human resource management and effective hospitality management is the corner stone of successful business in hospitality industry. The Human Resources Management (HRM) function includes a variety of activities, and key among them is deciding what staffing needs you have and whether to use independent contractors or hire employees to fill these needs, recruiting and training the best employees, ensuring they are high performers, dealing with performance issues, and ensuring your personnel and management practices conform to various regulations. Activities also include managing your approach to employee benefits and compensation, employee records and personnel policies. In todays quality-driven, empowered, hospitality workplace, practices that encourage greater employee performance must become integrated into the way a hotel, restaurant, resort, or any other form of hospitality service organization does business. Getting it right the first time (one of the sacred tenets of total quality management) can only be achieved in the hospitality industry through a motivated, empowered, and trained team. At times guest problems are not foreseen; therefore, employees have to feel empowered to correct a problem on the spot. In a service business, you cant have a rigid set of rules. It is possible to have guidelines, but people must be allowed the freedom to make different interpretations. A mature, well-trained hospitality team is capable of making better quality decisions than a single individual. The use of a team approach improves the overall quality of decision making, and the level of commitment to the team becomes much higher. When team members share the process of problem solving and decision making, they are more likely to become owners of the organizations plans, and to do everything possible to transform the plans into reality. Collective wisdom is virtually always superior to individual wisdom. what are the staffing issues for hotels ? i m writing u the case study which is have it. please give me a solution about staffing issues. The Courthouse Hotel is a large, privately owned establishment located in the centre of a large city. Once the major hotel in the city, it has in recent years struggled to maintain profit margins in the face of competition from three new hotels operated by well-known national and international chains. The Courthouse maintains a three-star standard of service, competing primarily on the basis of cost. Its prices are therefore kept considerably lower than those charged in the newer hotels, while the range and quality of food and accommodation are also of a lower standard. The hotel has 150 bedrooms, a bar, a carvery style restaurant, and a function room which is used for private dinners and business meetings. There are no large-scale banqueting facilities, no porters and no room service. While there are one or two part-time members of staff, 95% are employed on full-time permanent contracts. With the exception of a few senior managers, administrators and night workers, the staff work either early or late shifts (ie 6.30-3.30 or 3.00-11.00). Because the vast majority of the hotels guests are business people staying on week-nights, staff are required to work only one weekend in every four. Three months ago a well-known businessman purchased the hotel with a number of interests in the city. He has decided to change the business strategy by moving the hotel up-market to a four star standard and offering a wider range of services. A major refurbishment is planned, together with the opening of a new banqueting suite, an à   la carte restaurant, a leisure club, a full portering service and extensive lounge / room service operation. In staffing terms there is a need to improve the interpersonal skills of staff and to raise general standards of customer service by a substantial margin. The rationale for these developments is the impending opening of a new convention center a short walk away from the hotel. From January next year it is expected that the volume of trade will increase by 60 per cent, provided the Courthouse can raise its standards to those expected of a wealthier and more international clientele. The problem, from a people management perspective, is the likely erratic nature of business patterns once the convention centre opens. Periods of several weeks will go by with relatively little occurring in the centre, punctuated by shorter periods of frenetic activity when major conferences, exhibitions, concerts and sporting events take place. A more specific opportunity presents itself next summer, when as part of a bid to publicise the citys new convention centre, the government has announced that it will be hosting a major intergovernmental conference in the city. For the duration of this event each hotel will house a particular delegation, with the Courthouse being allocated to the Germans. This means that the entire hotel will be taken over by the German Chancellor, other senior German politicians, advisers, civil servants and 75 accredited journalists for a week next summer. During that period there will be a heavy security operation in the hotel. It will also have to host several press conferences and a series of breakfast meetings at which the Chancellor will meet other world leaders. In addition, it will have to maintain a far higher standard of cuisine and service than it is accustomed to providing. If successful, a large amount of positive publicity can be guaranteed. If, on the other hand, the hotel conspicuous ly fails to provide the standard of service expected by a Government delegation, the ensuing negative publicity way will undermine the whole refurbishment strategy planned by the new owner. One of the most important departments of any hotel staff is human resources management. Proper human resources management can be the difference between a really well run hotel and a poorly one hotel. The human resources manager can control almost the whole feeling and presence of the entire hotel. This makes the importance of human resources management for hotels very evident. There are several different areas in which human resources management is very important. One of these areas is for newly hired employees. The employees that are hired in a hotel can really alter the quality of service and the whole atmosphere of the hotel. This means that it is very important to pick upbeat, dedicated workers for each position. It is the job of the human resources manager to make sure that good people are chosen to work in the hotel. In many cases many hotel workers are only participating in hotel work because they can find nothing else to do. Not very many people have a dream of running or serving in a hotel environment. However, there are some people who do want to work in that capacity, and it is the job of the human resources manager to find those people. Retention of employees is another large problem in the hotel service business. Since so many of the employees do not have hotel work as their ending career goals, many of them only work in a hotel for a short amount of time. Other employees may have to be let go because of poor work ethics or other issues. However, there are ways that a hotel human resources manager can curb some of the desire and likelihood that employees will move to other jobs quickly. The importance of human resources management for hotels is very large in this area. Managers can provide good training and incentive programs that will cause employees to stay longer at the hotel. Having a clear progression plan to advance to higher levels of service will also cause employees to stick around much longer. The issue of employee progression and promotion is also another large issue for the hotel industry. The importance of human resources management for hotels is proven in this area. Hotels which provide ways for employees to advance in position, or that provide training for employees so that they can gain skills necessary for an advanced position are very important to the retention rate of employees. It is easy to implement services of this nature and the expense is negligible compared to the expense and time necessary to constantly find new employees to replace the ones that always leave shortly after being hired. One of the easiest things to implement is English lessons. Many hotel employees do not speak English very well, and so it is a great incentive for them to stay working at a hotel if they are offered English lessons. The importance of human resources management for hotels is also important in the area of employee services. If the employees know they can come to the human resources manager whenever they have a problem or issue then it is easier for them to work in good conscience. Many human resources departments implement different games and activities to make the work environment more interesting and fun for employees. There are many different services that a human resources manager can think of to help employee morale. Maybe the hotel could implement a babysitting service, or have a park day every year. These little services go a long way towards making happy employees. Happy employees make happy companies and happy customers. As you can see, the importance of human resources management for hotels is very great. There are thousands of ways that a human resources manager can make a hotel run more smoothly and more efficiently. There are many different areas that can benefit from the experience and guidance of a human resources manager. Therefore it is very important to not undermine the managers importance. Without the human resources manager a hotel is not the same or as pleasing to customers and employees. A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION The project work entitled a STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION with special reference to Hyderabad Industries Ltd; Thrissur is mainly conducted to identify the factors which will motivate the employees and the organizational functions in Hyderabad Industries Ltd, Thrissur. Managements basic job is the effective utilization of human resources for achievements of organizational objectives. The personnel management is concerned with organizing human resources in such a way to get maximum output to the enterprise and to develop the talent of people at work to the fullest satisfaction. Motivation implies that one person, in organization context a manager, includes another, say an employee, to engage in action by ensuring that a channel to satisfy those needs and aspirations becomes available to the person. In addition to this, the strong needs in a direction that is satisfying to the latent needs in employees and harness them in a manner that would be functional for the organization. Employee m otivation is one of the major issues faced by every organization. It is the major task of every manager to motivate his subordinates or to create the will to work among the subordinates. It should also be remembered that a worker may be immensely capable of doing some work; nothing can be achieved if he is not willing to work. A manager has to make appropriate use of motivation to enthuse the employees to follow them. Hence this studies also focusing on the employee motivation among the employees of Hyderabad Industries Ltd. The data needed for the study has been collected from the employees through questionnaires and through direct interviews. Analysis and interpretation has been done by using the statistical tools and datas are presented through tables and charts. 2. What is a Motivation? Robbins and Judge (2007) explain that motivation is the process that account for an individuals intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal (Robbins and Judge, 2007 p.186). However, this process has to be worked between the managers or supervisor of the business and its employees as the manager or supervisor is in charge of studying methods of encouraging employees to work hard and efficiently on a constant basis (Cited on: Guerrier, 1999 p. 100). In addition, many motivation theories were developed during the 1950s; such as Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, Theories X and Y and the two factor theory    but those would not be examined here as their validity has been questionable (Cited on: Robbins and Judge, 2007 p.186). On the other hand, the Expectancy theory will be carefully studied in order to understand why managers should focus more on providing to its employees reasons for putting effort into their work and therefore generate good work performance that could lead to rewards that are Employee motivation in the workplace The job of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through employees. To do this the manager should be able to motivate employees. But thats easier said than done! Motivation practice and theory are difficult subjects, touching on several disciplines. In spite of enormous research, basic as well as applied, the subject of motivation is not clearly understood and more often than not poorly practiced. To understand motivation one must understand human nature itself. And there lies the problem! Human nature can be very simple, yet very complex too. An understanding and appreciation of this is a prerequisite to effective employee motivation in the workplace and therefore effective management and leadership. What Does it Mean to Lead? Leadership, as defined by most dictionaries, means to go before, or with, to show the way; to induce. Every organization needs a leader (and preferably several leaders) to show the way to others as the organization strives to define and achieve its goals. Whether these goals are entrepreneurial or humanitarian or both the leaders work is to instill a sense of purpose and passion to the work that the organization undertakes. Identifying, developing and sustaining leadership in your organization must be one of your strategic objectives. Without leaders at every level of your organization, your organization may well under-perform. It may miss strategic opportunities, stifle innovation, underutilize your employees, and fall short of its goals in customer service, quality, productivity, and profitability. Russell Consulting, Inc. can guide your organization in identifying and developing your leaders. We can help you develop the key competencies that will help develop and sustain leadership, but also sustain your companys long-term success. Leadership at every level make all of the difference as to whether your company will be around for the long haul. Invest in leadership today to sustain your success for tomorrow and beyond. The Core Competencies of Leadership RCI has been developing leaders in its client organizations since 1987. We have designed and developed leadership programs that help define an ambitious role for leaders at every level and then build the competencies to fulfill this role. Some of the competencies that we have defined as core to the role of leaders include: Strategic Thinking Coaching Problem Solving Decision Making Systems Thinking Delegation Performance Management and Accountability Inspiring a Shared Vision Managing Conflict Building and Sustaining Teamwork Leading Change Quality and Productivity Improvement Servant Leadership Emotional Intelligence Innovation and Creativity Customer Service Employee Development Develop Trust Dealing with Ambiguity See the link at the upper right of this page for a possible leadership curriculum. Defining and Assessing Leadership Competencies We can help your organization define what it seeks to develop in its leaders and then design a customized leadership development program for you. Once we guide you in defining what leadership means in your company, we then conduct a 360 ° leadership assessment (of these core competencies) to provide a baseline measure of each leaders effectiveness. Click here for more information on our leadership 360: 360 ° Leadership Assessment and Development. Developing leadership at every level of your organization helps sustain your long-term success. When you work with us to develop your leadership, we help you grow your leadership at every level through customized training programs and guide your leaders in applying what they are learning to real issues and challenges facing your organization.

Western European Architecture

This paper is based on the architecture of Medieval Period from 500AC – 1400AD and its styles such as Byzantine, Early Christian, Romanesque and Gothic. Moreover, the paper also covers certain examples from South Florida and the famous buildings standing there. Although a lot of time has passed since the medieval times, we can still see some buildings that were built in the medieval times. Most of the houses that were built during this time were mostly those that belonged to the rich merchants. However, in most of the places the construction done earlier has been replaced as these buildings have been rebuilt and remodeled. The town houses that were built during this time were partially similar to their rural counterparts and they were basically designed due to the lack of space. This is because, previously, land especially in the towns was considered to be very important. The normal town plot in the medieval times was long and narrow and it ran back from the front of the street. Features of the medieval town houses The houses that were planned in the medieval times were basically rectangular in shape and they had a gable end or a wing that faced towards the street. The front part of the house that was on the ground floor was usually used for the purpose of doing trade or used to be used as a shop. Behind the shop, used to be a hall or the main living area and this was further extended to two more storeys and at the back of the house, used to be a counting house or an office along with stores and warehouses as well and an additional accommodation on the upper floor mainly above all the other rooms. The kitchen was separated from the main house and it was an isolated structure at the rear near the courtyard. The upper storey adjoined the street and it used to overhang the street and this gave more space to the upper story than the space at the ground floor, however there was a disadvantage of this as well because the overhanging of upper floors increased the risk of fire spreading. Halls, solars and privies Most of the houses were framed with timber and had wattle walls and the houses for the rich people were built with stone walls. The main element of the houses in the medieval times was the halls that were divided by screens that formed a passageway that led from the pantries and a kitchen area. The hall extended the full height of the building and the hall was used as a general living room by everyone who lived in the house. Privacy was very little and the family members needed a place to keep warm and for recreational purposes. In the hall, there used to be a blazing fire and its smoke used to escape through a hole that was present in the roof that was covered by louvre. The fireplaces and the chimneys were also one of the important features of the medieval times. The domestic chambers that were also known as solars and were used as sleeping rooms and it was located above the passage. At times, these were also fronted by a gallery that overlooked the hall. Even during the middle ages, the timber frames were being used extensively. There were no proper sanitation facilities in the medieval houses and the privies or garderobes were made in the thickness of the walls of larger town houses or as projecting jetties. Garderobes used to get discharged through pipes and gutters into a pit and the chamber pots were used in ordinary dwellings. Furniture and fittings Not much furniture was used in the houses by the people who lived in the medieval times. The only furniture that used to be present in the houses was a table that used to be covered with a linen cloth. Moreover, they had benches or forms, a chair, stools, chests, small cupboards, shelves housing cups, jugs, pewter, knives and spoons, bowls and plates. The people stored their food items in the small cupboards. The poor in the medieval times used palettes to sleep on. These were bags that were filled with dried ferns, rushes or heather, however the people who were well-off used wooden bedsteads to sleep on and it was very rare that the people possessed proper beds, curtains and hangings. Byzantine architecture This is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire and it emerged as a distinct artistic and cultural entity and today, it is referred as the Roman Empire after AD 330 and at this time the Roman Empire shifted its capital from Rome to Byzantium. This empire that continued for more than a hundred years influenced the Medieval and Renaissance era architecture in Europe but later in 1453, the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks led directly to the architecture of the Ottoman Empire. Early Christian Architecture This flourished from the third to the seventh century and it was produced for the unsplited Christian church. During the Late Antique period, Roman art and architecture extended in the late second till the seventh century and the Byzantine art and architecture existed from fifth till the seventh century. Christianity was made the state religion of the Roman Empire before the Edict of Milan. However, the art adopted by the Christians was restricted as they just used to decorate the hidden places of worship and most of this was derived from Roman art and was developed accordingly to suit the religion. The ideals of perfection used to get rejected by the artists, instead they used to draw images that reflected spiritual significance. In order to envisage the Christian concepts, an iconography was also formulated. In the beginning, the Christians only used to express their arts in terms of transmitting their faith and belief and not as a way of expressing beauty. Later onwards, in the fourth century, the early Christian architecture flourished under the imperial sponsorship. There used to be mainly two types of buildings. . The longitudinal hall – basilica 2. The centralized building – a baptistery or a mausoleum. The exteriors of Early Christian buildings were plain and unadorned; however on the contrary, the interiors were richly decorated and had marble floors and wall slabs, frescoes, mosaics, metal works, hangings, and sumptuous altar furnishings in gold and silver. Early Christian illuminated manuscripts are of an unusually high quality, however nowadays such kin d of architecture is rarely seen. Romanesque architecture This term was used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which evolved into the Gothic style beginning in the 12th century and this terms means â€Å"descended from Roman† and was used to describe the style from the early 19th century, however there is no specific date that is there as a proof from which this type of architecture came into existence but it ranged from the sixth century till the 10 century. Since the Imperial Roman architecture, the Romanesque architecture is known as the first pan-European architectural style, moreover this style in England is usually named as Norman architecture. The Romanesque architecture basically is a combination of the features found in the Western Roman and Byzantine buildings, furthermore it used to have substantial quality with thick walls and round arches along with sturdy piers, groin vaults, large towers and decorative arcading. The Gothic building followed the Romanesque architecture but comparing the two, the buildings of the Romanesque architecture had clearly defined forms and they were regular based on a symmetrical plan. The overall appearance of the buildings was simple and could clearly be identified all over Europe although the material and the characteristics in different parts of Europe were different and a lot of castles have been reported to be built during this period. Gothic Architecture It is already mentioned in the previous section that the Gothic architecture followed the Romanesque architecture. This flourished mainly during the late medieval period and was succeeded by the Renaissance architecture. Gothic architecture originated in the twelfth century and lasted till the sixteenth century and during this period the Gothic architecture was known as the French style. The main characters of Gothic architecture include the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress. Most of the people are able to recognize the Gothic architecture. This is because most of the great cathedrals, abbeys and parish churches of Europe are built using the features of this. It also has many castles, palaces, town halls, guild halls, universities, however the private dwellings were not much extensively built. The Gothic architecture was expressed most powerfully in the churches and cathedrals and some of the civic buildings as well and its characteristics normally expressed the emotions. Many religious buildings were built during this period and the smallest buildings are often differentiated from the other architectural designs. However, the larger churches are considered invaluable works of art. These buildings are also listed with UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. The Gothic revivals began in the mid-18th century starting from England and it spread through 19th-century in Europe that continued till the 20th century and this was largely based on the religious building and the universities.

A history of violence

â€Å"A history of violence† is a film which presents a world of â€Å"monsters† that has a presence which is not felt until the â€Å"monsters† emerge into action. The film focuses on the necessity of violence and the manner in which it destroys and in the same time saves humanity. The whole film concentrates on the double identity of the world. It is the classic theme: a fight between good and evil.The question which Cronenberg’s film raised is whether or not â€Å"the violent instinct is necessarily an evil† (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_History_of_Violence_(film)). The main character from â€Å"A history of violence†, Tom Stall (actor Viggo Mortensen), is a tender family man, very in love with his wife. He is attacked in his dinner by two perpetrators which he eventually kills.He becomes a hero but in the same time his hidden past is starting to reveal. It is revealed that Tom ran away from the instinct of violence but this instinct fro m which he ran, in the end saved his life. He knew how to respond to violence with violence. This is a message to a world in witch violence seems most present and emphasizes that in this kind of world nobody can survive without the instinct of violence. Thus the human nature becomes dual; it is divided between love and hate.It is a history of violence because the movie presents: the past of Tom Stall who used to work for the mob, his name was Joey Cusack, but gave up because he didn’t want to be on that side of the society, then the present witch presents Tom as a peaceful, family guy who now fights to solve his past issues in order to protect his dear family, and the future which is predicted by Tom’s teenage sun Jack who is aggressed by bullies at school and he always avoided fighting them., this meaning that violence will never cease to be a real mean of surviving.Tom is a character who didn’t enjoy killing, in spite of this he is forced to kill. Violence is needed in order to keep on living. He hides his past from his family. He struggles to hide his violent side. Significant are the words uttered by a stranger regarding Tom: â€Å"you are trying so hard to be this other guy, it’s painful to watch†.No matter how much Tom tries to hide the inhuman side it arises when it is needed. His power to fight with the perpetrators emerges from somewhere deep and apparently can not be controlled. It is a question whether or not human monsters are born or trained to be violent.It is clear that humans are built from two parts: the violent one and peaceful one. History demonstrated that the violent part was not at all absent. It is a constant interior struggle to balance violence and peace. It can never be one without the other. Peace was always obtained with the help of violence, and tranquility was broken by violence.Tom is a character who hides his past. He became a family man after he escaped from the mob. These facts made him in th e eyes of his community a man with double identity.The community came to know a side of Toms’ that they were never aware of. During the plot Tom mutates, he turns from good to bad and vice versa. People are able to change, a different character is born, and new personality traits are formed as people grow up. A person identity is important because it places a person into society. Tom is Joey, Joey is Tom, they are one and the same person, one is from the past and one is the present, those two persons have to coexist in the end, it can not be one without the other because both are part of the same person.There is something dark and mysterious in every one of us. There are hidden parts of the human personality that can get revealed and shock everybody.There are various interpretations of David Cronenberg’s movie. It is a depiction of the long history of violence and its inheritance from generation to generation. Violence was and is used as a tool for settling disputes, i t’s a â€Å"Darwinian evolution† in which stronger organism replace the weaker once. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_History_of_Violence_ (film)).BIBLIOGRAPHY:International Movie Database http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0399146/usercommentsWikipedia  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

The United Nations An International Organization

Throughout history, there has always been conflict over several issues; these issues range from land to faith to faith to government and so on. Nonetheless, eventually humans have been able to overcome some of these conflicts in some parts of the world and have been successfully on one or another way. The use of weapon and military techniques through these wars have been one of the first weapons to be use against the enemy. In addition to this, there has always been laws in place to protect others and to maintain a certain regime when it comes to conflict so the world does not go back to the way it was in about a thousand years. The United Nations is an international organization to help the globe to eventually obtain a security council to†¦show more content†¦The League of Nations was created under Woodrow Wilson, a president of the United States of America; however the League of Nations failed because the main powers at the time did not joint; such countries like the Unite d States of America and the Soviet Union. In addition to this, a lot could not have been done because the main country that made up the League of Nations did not join and this type of collective security to this day is considered a complete failure. In fact, â€Å"Many continued to believe that Wilson s ideals remained a body of profound political wisdom that could still light the true path for humankind, despite the undeniable failure of the League of Nations and the onset once more of bloody global war.† Despite the fact that Wilson had envision the League of Nations as quite a powerful organization that would help the world become a better and safer. These wars would have destroy the economy of other nations and the ability to have collective security. However, this vision was ended when the Senate rejected the League of Nations on March 19, 1920. Due to several factors that by joining the League of Nations will bring factors that were faced domestically and at broad. Not only this but the League of Nations also failed because of confrontation between France and the United Kingdom as well as the League of Nations was not universal. 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